in his theory any advance toward practical flight–da Vinci
could have told him as much as he knew
It does not appear that Paucton went beyond theory, nor is there
in his theory any advance toward practical flight–da Vinci
could have told him as much as he knew. He was followed by
Meerwein, who invented an apparatus apparently something between
a flapping wing machine and a glider, consisting of two wings,
which were to be operated by means of a rod; the venturesome one
who would fly by means of this apparatus had to lie in a
horizontal position beneath the wings to work the rod. Meerwein
deserves a place of mention, however, by reason of his
investigations into the amount of surface necessary to support a
given weight. Taking that weight at 200 pounds–which would
allow for the weight of a man and a very light apparatus–he
estimated that 126 square feet would be necessary for support.
His pamphlet, published at Basle in 1784, shows him to have been
a painstaking student of the potentialities of flight.

Referring now to Fig. 71, it will be seen that
this skidding motion of the machine swings the
wings E F inwardly, so that they offer no resistance
to the oblique movement, but the wings E
E, at the other end of the planes are swung outwardly,
to provide an angle, which tends to raise
up the inner end of the planes, and thereby seek
to keep the planes horizontal.

Kehoe, Brendan (BK59) brendan@cs
% whois brendan
Kehoe, Brendan (BK59) brendan@cs.widener.edu
Widener University
Department of Computer Science
Kirkbride 219
P.O. Box 83 Widener University
Chester, PA 19013
(215)/499-4011

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propeller 15 ft
This is best explained by actual figures: assuming that a
propeller 15 ft. in diameter is used, almost 50 horse-power
would be required to get an upward lift of 1,000 pounds; this
amount of horse-power would be continually absorbed in
maintaining the machine in the air at any given level; for
actual lift from one level to another at a speed of eleven feet
per second a further 20 horse-power would be required, which
means that 70 horse-power must be constantly provided for; this
absorption of power in the mere maintenance of aero-dynamic
support is a permanent drawback.

Sq. in. Lb. Lb.
8 56 21.5
‘ 112 44.
‘ 168 65.5
‘ 224 88.5
‘ 336 140.5
‘ 448 170.75

_A._–Clearly not; for since a cylinder full of high pressure steam,
contains more water than the same cylinder full of low pressure steam, the
size of the feed must vary in the same proportion as the density of the
steam. In all pumps a good deal of the effect is lost from the imperfect
action of the valves; and in engines travelling at a high rate of speed, in
particular, a large part of the water is apt to return, through the suction
valve of the pump, especially if much lift be permitted to that valve. In
steam vessels moreover, where the boiler is fed with salt water, and where
a certain quantity of supersalted water has to be blown out of the boiler
from time to time, to prevent the water from reaching too high a degree of
concentration, the feed pump requires to be of additional size to supply
the extra quantity of water thus rendered necessary. When the feed water is
boiling or very hot, as in some engines is the case, the feed pump will not
draw from a depth, and will altogether act less efficiently, so that an
extra size of pump has to be provided in consequence. These and other
considerations which might be mentioned, show the propriety of making the
feed pump very much larger than theory requires. The proper proportions of
pumps, however, forms part of a subsequent chapter.

corners of the life-saving station; the gusts were cold, damp, and
penetrating
All day the wind whistled through the grasses and moaned round the
corners of the life-saving station; the gusts were cold, damp, and
penetrating. With the setting of the sun there was a lull, but when the
patrols started out at eight o”clock, on their four-hours” tour of duty,
the wind had risen again and was blowing with renewed force. Separating
at the station, one surf man went east and the other west, following the
line of the surf-beaten beach, each carrying on his back a recording
clock in a leather case, and also several candle-like Coston lights
and a wooden handle.

The cross-head loose in the guides will make it knock. If the
cross-head is not provided for taking up this wear, you can take off the
guides and file them enough to allow them to come up to the cross-head,
but it is much better to have them planed off, which insures the guides
coming up square against the cross-head and thus prevent any heating or
cutting.

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